WBJEE Exam Syllabus

WBJEE Mathematics Syllabus

Algebra: A.P., G.P., H.P. :Definitions of A. P. and G.P.; General term; Summation of first n-terms; A.M. and G.M.; Definitions of H.P. (only 3 terms) and H.M.; Finitearithmetico-geometric series.

Logarithms: Definition; General properties; Change of base.

Complex Numbers: Definition and properties of complex numbers; Complex conjugate; Triangle in equality; Square root of complex numbers; Cube roots of unity; D Moivres theorem(statement only) and its elementary applications.

Quadratic Equations: Quadratic equations with real coefficients;

Relations between roots and coefficients; Nature of roots; Formation of aquadratic equation, sign and magnitude of the quadratic expression ax2+bx+c (a,b,c are rational numbers and a≠0).

Permutation and combination: Permutation of n different things taken r at a time (r≤n). Permutation of n things not all different. Permutation with repetitions (circular permutation excluded). Combinations of n different things taken r at a time (r≤n). Combination of n things not all different. Basic properties. Problems involving both permutations and combinations.

Principle of Mathematical Induction: Statement of the principle. Proof by induction for the sum of squares, sum of cubes of first n natural numbers, divisibility properties like 22n-1 is divisible by 3 (n ≥ 1), 7 divides 32 n+1+2n+2(n ≥ 1) .

Binomial theorem (positive integral index): Statement of the theorem, general term, middle term, equidistant terms, properties of binomial co-efficient. Infinite series: Binomial theorem for negative and fractional index. Infinite G.P. series, Exponential and Logarithmic series with range of validity (statement only), simple applications.

Matrices: Concepts of n mW (m ≤3,n ≤3) real matrices, operations of addition, scalar multiplication and multiplication of matrices. Transpose of a matrix. Determinant of asquare matrix. Properties of determinants (statement only). Minor, cofactor and ad joint of a matrix. Nonsingular matrix. Inverse of amatrix. Finding area of a triangle. Solutions of system of linear equations. (Not more than 3 variables).

Sets, Relations and Mappings: Idea of sets, subsets, power set, complement, union, intersection and difference of sets, Venn diagram, De Morgan�s Laws, Inclusion /Exclusion formula for two or three finite sets, Cartesian product offsets. Relation and its properties. Equivalence relation definition and elementary examples, mappings, range and domain, injective, surjective and bijective mappings, composition of mappings, inverse of a mapping.

Probability: Classical definition, addition rule, conditional probability and Byes theorem, independence, multiplication rule. S Trigonometry Trigonometric ratios, compound angles, multiple and submultiples angles, general solution of trigonometric equations. Properties of triangles, inverse trigonometricfunctions. Co-ordinate geometry of two dimensions Basic Ideas :Distance formula, section formula, area of a triangle, condition ofcollinearity of three points in a plane. Polar coordinates,transformation from Cartesian to polar coordinates and vice versa.Parallel transformation of axes, concept of locus, elementary locusproblems.

Straight line: Slope of a line.Equation of lines in different forms, angle between two lines.Condition of perpendicularity and parallelism of two lines. Distance ofa point from a line. Distance between two parallel lines. Lines throughthe point of intersection of two lines.

Circle: Equation of a circle witha given center and radius. Condition that a general equation of seconddegree in x, y may represent a circle. Equation of a circle in terms ofendpoints of a diameter . Parametric equation of a circle. Intersectionof a line with a circle. Equation of common chord of two intersectingcircles.

Conics: Definition, Directrix, Focus and Eccentricity, classification based on eccentricity.

Parabola: Standard equation. Reduction of the form x = ay2+by+c or y = ax2+bx+c to the standard form y2 = 4ax or x2 = 4ay respectively. Elementary properties and parametric equation of a parabola.

Ellipse and Hyperbola: Reductionto standard form of general equation of second degree when xy term isabsent. Conjugate hyperbola. Simple properties. Parametric equations.Location of a point with respect to a conic.

Differential calculus: Functions,composition of two functions and inverse of a function, limit,continuity, derivative, chain rule, derivatives of implicit functionsand of functions defined parametrically. Rolles Theorem and LagrangesMean Value theorem (statement only). Their geometric interpretation andelementary application. LHospitals rule (statement only) andapplications. Second order derivative.

Integral calculus: Integration as areverse process of differentiation, indefinite integral of standardfunctions. Integration by parts. Integration by substituti
WBJEE Physics Syllabus

Mechanics & General properties of matter:

(i) Units and dimensions: Units ofmeasurement, system of units, fundamental and derived units, SI units,dimensional analysis. Methods of measurement: Vernier scale, screwgauge, analysis of errors, significant figures.

(ii) Scalars and vectors: Addition, subtraction, multiplication of vectors.

(iii) Kinematics: in one, two andthree dimensions, projectiles, uniform circular motion,centripetalforce, centrifigual force, relative velocity.

(iv) Dynamics: Newton's laws ofmotion; inertial frames, uniformly accelerated frame (pseudoforces),conservation of linear momentum, rocket motion, centre of mass,impulsive forces, friction.

(v) Work, Power and Energy: conservative and non-conservative forces, conservation of energy, collision(elastic and inelastic)

(vi) Rotational motion: Torque,angular momentum and conservation of angular momentum, moment ofinertia, radius of gyration, moment of inertia of objects with simplegeometrical shapes, rotational kinetic energy and rolling on horizontalsurface.

Gravitation: Laws of gravitation,gravitational field and potential, acceleration due to gravity and itsvariation, escape velocity, Kepler's laws and planetary motion, motionof satellites, Geostationary orbit.

Elasticity: Hooke's law, elastic modulii, Poisson's ratio, elastic energy.

Hydrostatics and fluid mechanics: Pressure in a fluid, Pascal's law, Archimedes' principle, hydraulicpress. Surface energy and surface tension, capillary rise. Viscosity,streamline and turbulent motion, critical velocity, Reynold's number,Stoke's law, Bernoulli's theorem.

Vibrations: Simple Harmonic Motion, equation of motion, damped and forced vibrations, resonance, superposition of SHM.

Wave motion: Elastic waves,longitudinal and transverse waves. progressive waves, superposition ofwaves: interference, stationary waves, beats, vibration of strings, aircolumns, velocity of elastic waves in different media, Doppler effect.

Thermal Physics: Scales oftemperature, thermal expansion of solids, liquids and gases,calorimetry, change of state of matter, latent heat, transitiontemperature, Transmission of heat: conduction, convection, radiation,Black body radiation, absorptive and emissive powers: Kirchoffs law,Wien's law, Stefan's law, Newton's law of cooling, Kinetic theory :mean free path, pressure of an ideal gas, mean and rms velocity ofmolecules of a gas, kinetic interpretation of temperature, degrees offreedom, equipartition of energy (statement only) --- application tomonoatomic and diatomic gases.

Thermodynamics: first law ofthermodynamics, equivalence of heat and work, intensive and extensivethermodynamic variables, reversible and irreversible processes,specific heats of gases, relation between Cpand Cv.

Optics: reflection and refractionat plane and spherical surfaces, total internal reflection, thinlenses, power of a lens, combination of lenses and mirrors, deviationand dispersion by prisms. Simple and compound microscopes, astronomicaltelescope, human eye: defects and remedies. Coherent sources,interference of light, Youngs double slit.

Electrostatics: Coulomb's law,electric field and potential,flux of electric field, Gauss' law,electric field and potential due to an infinite line charge, chargedinfinite sheet, solid spheres and spherical shells.Electric dipole andfield due to dipole. Capacitance, spherical and parallel platecapacitors, energy stored in a capacitor, series and parallelcombination of capacitors,

Current electricity: Electriccurrent, drift velocity and mobility, Ohm's law, resistivity,combination of resistances in series and parallel, combination ofcells. Kirchoffs laws, Wheatstone bridge, Metre bridge, potentiometer.Heating effect of current, thermoelectricity, Seebeck and Peltiereffect. Chemical effect of current, Faradays law ofelectrolysis,:primary and secondary cells.

Electromagnatism: Magnetic effectsof Current, Biot Savart's law, magnetic field due to an infinite lin echarge, circular coil and solenoid, Amperes circuital law, Lorentzforce, Flemings left hand rule, force between two current carryingconductors, magnetic moment of a current loop, magnetic dipole, torqueexperienced by a current carrying coil in a uniform magneticfield,galvanometer, current sensitivity, conversion of galvanometer tovoltmeter and ammeter. Magnetic field of earth, tangent galvanometer,magnetic properties of materials : Dia, para and ferromagnet ,permeability, susceptibility.

Electromagnetic induction: Magneticflux, Faradays laws of electromagnetic induction, Lenz's law, self andmutual induction, Flemings right hand rule, Alternating current, peakand rms value of alternating current; generator, D.C. motor andtransformer Qualitative idea of electromagnetic wave and its spectrum .

Modern Physics: Bohr's atomicmodel for hydrogen like atom, hydrogen spectrum, x-ray emission,Moseley's law, wave particle duality, de Broglies hypothesis, photoelectric effect . Constituents of atoms, isotopes, mass defect,mass-energy equivalence, binding energy. radioactivity -α, β, γradiation, half life, mean life, fission, fusion. Energy bands insolids, intrinsic and doped semiconductors, p-n junction diode,rectifier, pnp and npn transistors, common emitter characteristics.Binary number, AND, OR, NOT, NAND and NOR gates .
WBJEE Chemistry Syllabus

Molecules and Chemical Arithmetic: Daltons atomic theory; Gay Lussacs law of gaseous volume; Avogadros Hypothesis and its applications.

Atomic mass; Molecular mass; Equivalent weight;Valency; Gram atomic weight; Gram molecular weight; Gram equivalentweight and mole concept.

Chemical formulae; Balanced chemical equations;Calculations (based on mole concept) involving commonoxidation-reduction, neutralization, and displacement reactions;Concentration in terms of mole fraction, molarity, molality andnormality. Percentage composition, empirical formula and molecularformula; Numerical problems.

Atomic Structure: Concept ofNuclear Atom electron, proton and neutron (charge and mass), atomicnumber; Rutherfords model and its limitations; Extra nuclear structure;Line spectra of hydrogen atom. Quantization of energy (Plancks equationE = hν); Bohrs model of hydrogen atom and its limitations, Sommerfeldsmodifications (elementary idea); The four quantum numbers, ground stateelectronic configurations of many electron atoms and mono-atomic ions;The Aufbau Principle; Paulis Exclusion Principle and Hunds Rule.Uncertainty principle; The concept of atomic orbitals, shapes of s, pand d orbitals (pictorial approach) Radioactivity and Nuclear ChemistryRadioactivity α, Β, γ rays and their properties; Artificialtransmutation; Rate of radioactive decay, decay constant, half-life andaverage life period of radio-elements; Units of radioactivity;Numerical problems. Stability of the atomic nucleus effect ofneutronproton (n/p) ratio on the modes of decay, group displacementlaw, radioisotopes and their uses (C, P, Co and I as examples) isobarsand isotones (definition and examples), elementary idea of nuclearfission and fusion reactions.

The Periodic Table and Chemical Families: Modern periodic law (based on atomic number); Modern periodic tablebased on electronic configurations, groups (Gr. 118) and periods. Typesof elements-representative (s-block and p-block), transition (d-block)elements and inner transition (f-block / lanthanides and actinides) andtheir general characteristics. Periodic trends in physical and chemicalpropertiesatomic radii, valency, ionization energy, electron affinity,electronegativity, metallic character, acidic and basic characters ofoxides and hydrides of the representative elements (up to Z = 36).Position of hydrogen and the noble gases in the periodic table;Diagonal relationships.

Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure:

Valenceelectrons, the Octet rule, electrovalent, covalent and coordinatecovalent bonds with examples; Properties of electrovalent and covalentcompounds. Limitations of Octet rule (examples); Fajans Rule.Directionality of covalent bonds, shapes of poly-atomic molecules(examples); Concept of hybridization of atomic orbitals (qualitativepictorial approach) : sp, sp2, sp3 and dsp2.Molecular orbital energy diagrams for homonuclear diatomic species bondorder and magnetic properties. Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion(VSEPR) concept (elementary idea) shapes of molecules. Concept ofresonance (elementary idea), resonance structures (examples).Elementary idea about electronegativity, bond polarity and dipolemoment, inter- and intra- molecular hydrogen bonding and its effects onphysical properties (mp, bp and solubility); Hydrogen bridge bonds indiborane. Double salts and complex salts, co-ordination compounds(examples only), co-ordination number (examples of co-ordination number4 and 6 only).

Gaseous state: Measurableproperties of gases. Boyles Law and Charles Law, absolute scale oftemperature, kinetic theory of gases, ideal gas equation average, rootmean square and most probable velocities and their relationship withtemperature. Daltons Law of partial pressure, Grahams Law of gaseousdiffusion. Deviations from ideal behavior. Liquefaction of gases, realgases, van der Waals equation; Numerical problems.

Chemical Energetics and Chemical Dynamics:Chemical Energetics conservation of energy principle, energy changes inphysical and chemical transformations. First law of thermodynamics;Internal energy, work and heat, pressure-volume work; Enthalpy.Internal energy change (ΔE) and Enthalpy change (ΔH) in a chemicalreaction. Hesss Law and its applications (Numerical problems). Heat ofreaction, fusion and vapourization; Second law of thermodynamics;Entropy; Free energy; Criterion of spontaneity.

Chemical Equilibria: The Law ofmass action, dynamic nature of chemical equilibria. Equilibriumconstants, Le Chateliers Principle. Equilibrium constants of gaseousreactions (Kp and Kc) and relation between them (examples). Significance of ΔG and ΔG�.

Chemical Dynamics: Factorsaffecting the rate of chemical reactions (concentration, pressure,temperature, catalyst). Arrhenius equation and concept of activationenergy. Order and molecularity (determination excluded); First orderreactions, rate constant, half-life (numerical problems), examples offirst order and second order reactions.

Physical Chemistry of Solutions Colloidal Solutions:differences from true solutions; Hydrophobic and hydrophilic colloids(examples and uses); Coagulation and peptization of colloids; Dialysisand its applications; Brownian motion; Tyndall effect and itsapplications; Elementary idea of emulsion, surfactant and micelle.Electrolytic Solutions Specific conductance, equivalent conductance,ionic conductance, Kohlrauschs law, Faradays laws of electrolysis,applications. Numerical problems. Non-electrolytic Solutions Types ofsolution, vapour pressure of solutions. Raoults Law; Colligativeproperties lowering of vapour pressure, elevation of boiling point,depression of freezing point, osmotic pressure and their relationshipswith molecular mass (without derivations); Numerical problems. Ionicand Redox Equilibria Ionic equilibria ionization of weak electrolytes,Ostwalds dilution law. Ionization constants of weak acids and bases,ionic product of water, the pH scale, pH of aqueous solutionsof acidsand bases; Buffer solutions, buffer action and Henderson equation.

Acid-base titrations, acid-base indicators (structures not required).

Solubility and Solubility Products.

Common ion effect (no numerical problems).

Redox Equilibria:Oxidation-Reduction reactions as electron transfer processes, oxidationnumbers, balancing of redox reactions by oxidation number andion-electron methods. Standard electrode potentials (E�),Electrochemical series, feasibility of a redox reaction. Significanceof Gibbs equation: ΔG�= nFΔG�E� (without derivation), no numericalproblems. Redox titrations with (examples); Nernst equations (Numericalproblems). Chemistry of Non-metallic Elements and their CompoundsCarbon occurrence, isotopes, allotropes (graphite, diamond, fullerene);CO and CO2 production, properties and uses. Nitrogen andPhosphorus occurrence, isotopes, allotopes, isolation from naturalsources and purification, reactivity of the free elements. Preparation,properties, reactions of NH3, PH3, NO, NO2 , HNO2, HNO3, P4O10, H3PO3 and H3PO4.Oxygen and Sulfur Occurrence, isotopes, allotropic forms, isolationfrom natural sources and purification, properties and reactions of thefree elements. Water, unusual properties of water, heavy water(production and uses). Hydrogen peroxide and ozone (production,purification, properties and uses).

Halogen: Halogens comparativestudy, occurrence, physical states and chemical reactivities of thefree elements, peculiarities of fluorine and iodine; Hydracids ofhalogens (preparation, properties, reactions and uses), inter-halogencompounds (examples); Oxyacids of chlorine.

Chemistry of metals: Generalprinciples of metallurgy occurrence, concentration of ores, productionand purification of metals, mineral wealth of India. Typical metals(Na, Ca, Al, Fe, Cu and Zn) occurrence, extraction, purification (whereapplicable), properties and reactions with air, water, acids andnon-metals. Manufacture of steels and alloy steel (Bessemer,Open-Hearth and L.D. process). Principles of chemistry involved inelectroplating, anodizing and galvanizing.

Chemistry in Industry:

Largescale production (including physicochemical principles where applicableomitting technical details and uses of individual items).

Heavy chemicals: Sulfuricacid (contact process), Ammonia (Habers process), Nitric acid (Ostwaldsprocess), sodium bi-carbonate and sodium carbonate (Solvey process).Polymers, Polythene, Nylon-66, rubber from natural source,vulcanization.

Electrochemicals: sodium hydroxide, chlorine, bleaching powder as by-products.

Fuel Gases:LPG, CNG. Silicon carbide and silicones. Environmental Chemistry Commonmodes of pollution of air, water and soil. Ozone layer, ozone holeimportant chemical reactions. Green House effect; Smog; Pollution ofwater by domestic and industrial effluents; Pollutantspesticides,fertilizers and plastics.

Chemistry of carbon compounds

Hybridization of carbon s and p bonds:Isomerism constitutional and stereoisomerism; Geometrical and opticalisomerism of compounds containing upto two asymmetric carbon atoms.IUPAC nomenclature of simple organic compoundshydrocarbons, mono andbifunctional molecules only (alicyclic and heterocyclic compoundsexcluded). Conformations of ethane and n-butane (Newman projectiononly).

Electronic effects: inductive,resonance and hyperconjugation. Stability of carbocation, carbanion andfree radicals; Rearrangement of carbocation; Electrophiles andnucleophiles, tautomerism in _ dicarbonyl compounds, acidity andbasicity of simple organic compounds. Aliphatic Compounds AlkanesPreparation from alkyl halides and carboxylic acids;

Reactions: halogenation andcombustion. Alkenes and Alkynes Preparation by elimination of alcohols,alkyl halides and quaternary ammonium hydroxides, Saytzeff and Hofmannrules; Reactions electrophilic addition of X2, HX, HOX, H2O (X = halogen), ozonolysis, epoxidation and oxidation with KMno4,oso4(stereochemistryof addition excluded). Markownikoffs and anti-Markownikoffs additions;Hydroboration; Oxymercuration demercuration, reduction of alkenes andalkynes (H2/Lindler catalyst and Na in liquid NH3), metal acetylides.

Alkyl halides: Preparation fromalcohols; Formation of Grignard reagents and their syntheticapplications for the preparation of alkanes, alcohols, aldehydes,ketones and acids; SN1 and SN2 reactions (preliminary concept).

Alcohols: Preparation from carbonyl compounds and esters. Reaction dehydration, oxidation, esterification, reaction with sodium, ZnCl2 / HCl, phosphorous halides.

Ethers: Preparation by Williamsons synthesis; Cleavage with HCl and HI.

Aldehydes and Ketones: Preparation from esters,acid chlorides, gem-dihalides, Ca-salt of carboxylic acids. ReactionNucleophilic addition with HCN, hydrazine, hydroxyl amines, semicarbazides, alcohols; Aldol condensation, Clemmensen and Wolff-Kishnerreduction, haloform, Cannizzaro and Wittig reactions.

Carboxylic Acids: Hydrolysis of esters (mechanism excluded) and cyanides; Hunsdicker and HVZ reactions.

Aliphatic Amines: Preparation from nitro, cyano and amido compounds. Distinction of 1:, 2: and 3: amines (Hinsberg method); Reaction with HNO2;Carbyl amine reaction. Aromatic Compounds Benzene Kekule structure,aromaticity and Huckel rule. Electrophilic substitution halogenation,sulfonation, nitration, Friedel Crafts reaction, ozonolysis. Directiveinfluence of substituents in monosubstituted benzenes.

Amines: Preparation from reductionof nitro compounds; Formation of diazonium salts and their stability;Replacement of diazonium group with H, OH, X (halogen), CN and NO2, diazocoupling and reduction.

Haloarenes: Nucleophilic substitution, cine substitution (excluding mechanism).

Phenols: halogenation, sulfonation, nitration, Reimer-Tiemann and Kolbe reactions.

Aromatic Aldehydes: Preparation by Gattermann, Gattermann Koch, Rosenmund and Stephens method.

Reaction: Perkin, Benzoin and Cannizzaro.Application Oriented chemistry Main ingredients, their chemical natures(structures excluded) and their side effects, if any, of commonantiseptics, analgesics, antacids, vitamin-C.

Introduction to Bio-molecules Carbohydrates: Pentoses and hexoses. Distinctive chemical reactions of glucose.

Aminoacids: glycine, alanine,aspartic acid, cysteine (structures). Zwitterion structures of aminoacids, peptide bond. ADP and ATP structures and role in bioenergetics;

Nucleic acids: DNA and RNA skeleton structures. Names of essential elements in biological system.

Principles of qualitative analysis Detection ofwater soluble noninterfaring Acid and Basic Radicals by dry and wettests from among :

1. Acid Radicals: Cl-, S2-, SO4-, NO3, CO32-
2. Basic Radicals: Cu2+, Al3+, Fe3+, Fe22+, Zn2+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, NH42+

Detection of special elements (N, Cl, Br, I and S) in organic compounds by chemical tests.

Identification of functional groups in: phenols, aromatic amines, aldehydes, ketones and carboxylic acids.
WBJEE Biological Science Syllabus - Page 2

Unit of Life: Definition of life, Cell as the basic unit of life. Cell theory, Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic cell structure and differences.

Ultrastructure and functions of cellular components:Cell wall, Plasma membrane, Plastid, Endoplasmic reticulum, Golgibodies, Mitochondria, Ribosomes, Lysosomes, Nucleus, Centrosomes,Cilia, Flagella.

Microscopy: Components andprinciples of Simple and Compound Microscope; Electron Microscope :Basic functional principles. Physical and chemical principles involvedin maintenance of life processes :Diffusion, Osmosis, Absorption,Osmoregulation.

Biomolecules: Classification and structural properties of carbohydrates, lipids, aminoacids, proteins and nucleic acids.

Carbohydrates: Monosaccharides, digosaccharides, and polysaccharides (starch, glycogen, cellulose).

Proteins: Simple (albumins, globulins, collagen) and conjugated proteins (only examples).

Nucleic acids: Structure of DNA, RNA, types of RNA.

Enzymes: Definition & properties, Examples; Mechanism of Action, Allosterism and Regulation.

Chromosomes and Cell Division: Morphology of chromosomes; Euchromatin and Heterochromatin.

Nucleic acid as genetic material (Examples: Bacterial Transformation and Viral Transduction).

Brief idea of Polytene chromosomes: Cell cycle and phases (excluding control mechanism). Characters of malignant cell; Process & significance of Meiosis.

Genetics: Laws of Heredity :(Monohybrid and dihybrid crosses; Mendels laws). Back cross, Testcross, Linkage, Crossing over, Sex linked inheritance Colour blindness,Haemophilia.

Mutation: Definition and Types;Replication of DNA, Transcription and Translation (Brief idea).Origin,Evolution and Diversity of Life :Haldane and Oparins concept on originof life. Modern concept of Natural selection, Biological Speciesconcept.

Human evolution: an outline.

Taxonomy and Classification: Definition; Importance of Taxonomy, Binomial Nomenclature, Law of Priority (Homonym & Synonym).

Concept of Biodiversity: Definition of Biodiversity ; Genetic diversity; Species diversity andEcosystem diversity. Five kingdom classification (only distinctcharacters).Salient features of major animal phyla with commonexamples, classification of Chordates (up to Sub Class) withdistinctive characters only.

Population Biology: Concept of population growth (logistic and exponential) and population control.

Ecosystem: Concept of ecosystem and Biosphere, Wetland.

Brief idea of Ecological pyramids, Energy flow, Biogeochemical cycle (concept only).

Environmental pollution: Air,water and noise pollution sources effects and probable controlstrategies; Biomagnification and Bioaccumulation. Cause of Dyslexia,Minamata and Etai etai diseases. Green house effect, BOD, COD, Acidrain and Ozone hole. Virus and Bacteria :Morphological characteristicsof Bacteriophage (T2),Plant virus (TMV);Animal virus(influenza),Bacterial cell (E. coli).

Staining: Gram staining for bacteria. Biotechnological application of microbes :

1. Agricultural: Rhizobium and other Nitrogen fixing bacteria, Biofertilizers and Bio- pesticides ;
2. Industrial: Production of curd; tanning and brewery; synthesis of antibiotics, vitamin.
3. Cloning of microbial genes.

Tissue and tissue system:

1. Plant Tissues: Meristematic and permanent (types with characterization and function).
2. Animal Tissue: outline classification and examples.

Functions of life :

Photosynthesis:

Major photosynthetic pigments, outline concept oflight and dark reaction phases, basic idea of bacterial photosynthesis,C2, C3, C4 pathways, CAM (in brief), photorespiration.

Respiratory system:

(a) Definition of respiration, Mechanisms of glycolysis, Krebs cycle (Flow chart only; calculation for ATP, CO2 & H2O) ; Outline idea of Electron Transport system, Relationships of photosynthesis and respiration.

(b) Respiratory system in human: Respiratory tract, Mechanism of breathing, Role of intercostals musclesand diaphragm; Significance of physiological and anatomical dead space.Tidal volume, inspiratory and expiratory reserve volumes, residualvolume, vital capacity. Composition of inspired, expired and alveolarair. Common respiratory diseases definition and causes Asthma,Tuberculosis, Hypoxia, Anoxia, Apnoea, Dyspnoea.

Cardiovascular system & Blood: Anatomy of Heart junctional tissues of the heart; origin and propagation of cardiac impulse. Histologicalstructures of arteries, veins and capillaries.

Cardiac cycle: Atrial and ventricular events only; cardiac cycle time, Heart sound.

Cardiac output: definition, Stroke and Minutes volume.

Blood pressure: factors controlling & measurement.

Blood: Composition and functions ofblood.Blood coagulation and anticoagulants, Blood group and Rh factor,Blood Transfusion, Lymph and tissue fluid formation and functions,Portal circulation. Nutrition and Digestive system :Basic constituentsof food and their nutritional significance.

Vitamins:

dietary sources, functions and deficiency symptomsof water and fat soluble vitamins. Structure and functions of thealimentar y canal and the digestive glands. Functions of the digestivejuices (saliva, gastric juice, pancreatic juice, intestinal juice),Biles. Digestion and absorption of carbohydrates, lipids and proteins.Diseases Peptic and Gastric ulcers, Gastritis; fasting and obesity.

Metabolism: Definition; B.M.R.Controlling factors; elementary idea of metabolic pathways;glycogenesis, glycogenolysis, gluconeogenesis, Oxidation of fattyacids, Ketone body formation and its significance. Deamination,Transamination and Decarboxylation of aminoacids (definition only).

Excretory system: Histology and function of the nephron (brief idea) Normal and abnormal constituents of urine.

Nervous and Muscular system: Brief outline of human brain structure.

Cranial nerves: Distribution andFunction.Spinal cord Structure and major functions, Reflex arc (types)and reflex action : Conditional and unconditional reflexes.

1. Excitability
2. Contractility
3. All or none law
4. Refractory period
5. Summation of stimuli
6. Tetanus (vii)Rigor mortis; Machanism of muscle contraction.

Endocrine system and animal hormones: Definition of endocrine glands and hormones, functions of hormones released from

1. pituitary
2. thyroid
3. pancreas
4. adrenal
5. gastrointestinal gland,

An outline mechanism of action of protein &steroidhormones. Causes and symptoms of Acromegaly,Diabetis insipidus,Diabetis mellitus, Goiter, Cushing s disease.

Growth, Reproduction, and Ageing :

A. In Plants :

Different parts of a typical flower (China rose).

Types of flower: regular andirregular, actinomorphic, zygomorphic. Aestivation in Musaceae &Malvaceae.Floral formula : Definition, symbols used in floral formulaein Musaceae (e.g. Banana) and Malvaceae (eg. China rose) ; PollinationDefinition, self and cross pollination; Merits and demerits of self andcross pollination.

Fertilization: Process of double fertilization.Dispersal of fruits and seeds Types with examples. Phases and factorsof Growth, Differences between growth and development, Abscissionsenescence, ageing and growth of seeding and the role of gibberellicacid.

B. In Animals:

Primary and secondary sex organs and secondary sexcharacters Testis Histology, Functions of Testosterone. Spermatogenesis(outline). Ovary Histology : Functions of estrogen and progesterone;Oogenesis (outline); structure of mature Graafian follicle . Menstrualcycle (brief idea). Fertilization and Implantation. Immunology : Abrief idea of antigen and antibody. Elementary knowledge of inherited,acquired, humoral, cell mediated immunity. Active and passive immunity.Prevention of AIDS and Hepatitis B. Medical, Agricultural and Economiczoology:

A. Outline idea of diseases, their causative organism, mode of infection, symptoms and preventive measures of :

1. Malaria
2. Filariasis
3. Ascariaisis

Distinguishing features of Culex, Anopheles andAedes Life cycle and comparative study of Culex and Anopheles;Causative agents of encephalitis and kalaazar and control of theirvectors.

B. Characteristic features of major and minor carps and examples ofexotic carps. Mechanism of induced breeding hypophysation. Compositeculture of carps, common diseases of carp Gillrot, fin rot and Dropsy.Definition of pest, Damage symptoms and control of Scirpophagaincertulus and Leptocorisa acuta.

C. Poultry - Types of poultry birds ; high yieldingvariet ies of poultry birds. Species of honey bees in India anddifferent castes in a colony. Composition and uses of honey. Chemicalcomposition of silk, types of silk and silk worms. Life cycles ofmulberry silk worm. Structure of silk gland.

Symptoms of Flacherie, Muscardine, Grassarie and Pebrine.

Application of Biology: Pesticidesand Biological Pest Control Benefit and hazards, Basic principles of exsitu and in situ conservation. Red Data Book, Green Data Book. Role ofphytohormones in horticulture and agriculture. Hybridization in plantsDefinition and techniques. Idea about plant cell and tissue cultureMicropropagation. Principles and application of transgenic plants andanimal, Test tube baby.

Biomedical Engineering: Application - ECG & EEG Imaging USG, CT Scan, X-ray,MRI Therapeutic - Pacemaker, Dialyzer.